About 6th to 13th centuries, the territory of the actual country of Thailand, the surface was occupied by the Mons and the Khmers. Mons had developed in central plain, and established the Dvaravati kingdom while the Khmers occupied the southern part of the South-east Asia. They developed the Angkor kingdom which we call “Tchen-La”. The Khmers during their moving through the plain of the river Chao Phraya in the 11th century, gained the victory successively invading into the kingdom of Mons-Dvaravati in Lopburi. The power of the Khmer kings were entirely widespread in the territory of the present Thailand. While Mons had succeeded to maintain in the North of their old primitive center of Haripunjaya kingdom in Lamphun. In Burma the kingdom extended from Pagan which reached its greater rise in the current of the 11th century. The peninsula of Malaysia was under the control of the powerful maritime empire of Srivijaya kingdom.

At the 11th century, the Thais who established the kingdom of Nan-Tchao in the South-west of China in Yun-Nan province, had given up their kingdom and emigrated more and more towards to the southern states of the Asia continental, because of the Mongols drove China in a state of war. The Thais were the ethnics group who directed the totality of the peninsula later. The representations of Thai warriors in images of the sculpture on the wall of Angkor Wat had shown up the existence of such principalities at that time. Originally, the area of the Sukhothai capital was a declining province of the Khmer kingdom, by this way the Thai governors revolted successfully and declared the independence of Sukhothai in 1238. Phor Khun Sri Intratit proclaimed king of the new Thai state. Today, the Thais had regarded the kingdom of Sukhothai as the first capital organized beginning of Thai history in 13th century.

The first documents in inscription engraved on the stone which mentions this new declaration is dated from the reign of king Ram Khamhaeng approximately in 1292, It tells the history of his accession to the throne in 1279. All the history of the kingdom of Sukhothai was reconstituted later by the son of the king Rama IV of the Chakri dynasty whose capital was Bangkok. Thus, the social life at the time of King Ram Khamhaeng has discovered through the writings from the inscription. The stories of king Ram Khamhaeng were engraved on this square stele and currently it is exposing in the national museum of Bangkok. It was found during the travel of the king Rama IV in the forest of the Sukhothai province.

The temple in 13th century of Wat Mahadhat in the first capital of Sukhothai had remained until our days as the historical ruin and Wat Phra Sri Sanphet in the second capital of Ayutthaya were also in a state of the ruins too. Thus, Thailand by the assistance of many nations to renew all the old sites, had called for a help from international organizations such as UNESCO, therefore the department of Fine-Arts of France and Thailand maintained the works, which began in 1953. The project of the restoration is nowadays already well finished.

There is preserve maintaining like the world heritage undoubtedly by the organization of UNESCO. According to chronicles about the history of Thailand have started since the time of the king Rama IV. His son, prince Damrong Rajanubhab co-operated successively to summarize the history of Thailand in 1918 with a French professor, Mr. George Coedes who was the president of the languages institution for the Far East of Paris. Prince Damrong was known as a historian whom thai people appoints like “the father of the history”. For that day, with regard to with the historical documents has had the current ones always have mentioned with the summary of these two great professors. With the knowledge of the old Kampuchean language, professor George Coedes could translate the old languages on the stone inscription which the king Rama IV took it from Sukhothai to Bangkok. Thus, the image of Sukhothai in 13th century had been finally discovered. Thai alphabet borrowed writing from old Kampuchean recognized as Khom-Thai.

Here is the image of the kingdom of Sukhothai at the old time; In the middle of Sukhothai, there is a marvellous pond that has limpid and delicious water like the easthern where have found the Maekhong river during the hot season. Around Sukhothai, there is triple rampart measuring 1.400 x 1.810 meters. There are two channels in rectangular form which separated between these three ramparts. In the middle of the wall was bored into four gates where have found at the four cardinal points of the wall to enter the capital. An immense crowd presses itself there to enter and to see the king lighting candles and playing with fire, to celebrate with the festival of Loy Krathong at the day of full moon in November. The inhabitants of Sukhothai practise alms, the observance of the five precepts and charity. Everyone devoted their life for the religion of Buddhist without exception. This king Ram Khamhaeng is the chief and the sovereign of all the Thais. He had nourished all the inhabitants of these countries in observance of the law without exception.

In the south of Sukhothai, there are monasteries and sanctuaries and the monks who remain there. In monasteries there are always statues of the Buddha on the pedestal. And here the image of statue of the Buddha of Sukhothai style; It has the oval face, which is still lengthens by two acute arcades eyelashes in perfect half-circle, prolonging directly by an aquiline nose. The hair goes down at a peak on the face, the loops while being tapered points. The chignon is very deforms until becoming a flame crowning on the head. The lips are thin.

Previously the characters of Thai writing did not exist yet. King Ram Khamhaeng had put all his heart to invent these characters of Thai writing, and it nowadays became the beginning of the resource for the writing of the Thai language. But currently the characters of Thai writing have so much changed until no one could not understand any more of the old writing. The kingdom of Sukhothai reigned by 9 kings during 140 years. Very little time after the death of king Ram Khamhaeng, the kingdom burst in a certain number of small states. Under the reign of the last two kings of the dynasty of Sukhothai, the kingdom lost its power up to 1438 more and more, Sukhothai became a vassal state of a new kingdom of Ayutthaya.

The inscription of 1292, in its essence, reveals us this:

My father had name Sri Intratit, my mother had name Nang Suang, my brother groin had name Ban Muang. Us of five childrens born of the same mother: three boys two girls. When I grown and reached nineteen years, Khun Sam Chon, chief of Mae Sot, attacked Tak. My father went to fight Khun Sam Chon by the left; Khun Sam Chon came from there while pushing by the line. Khun Sam Chon charged in mass; people of my father fled and disperserent themselves in complete rout. Me, I taken not to escape. I went up on the Anekabala elephant, and I pushed it in front of my father. I engaged with Khun Sam Chon a duel of elephant: I struck the elephant of Khun Sam Chon and put out of combat. Khun Sam Chon flees. Then my father conferred the title of Ram Khamhaeng to me because I had striking the elephant of Khun Sam Chon. The aliving of my father, I served my father, I served my mother. If I took a fish, I brought it to my father; if I had an unspecified fruit, acid or sweetens, tasty and pleasant, I brought it to my father. If I went to hunting to the elephants and that I took some, I brought them to my father. If I should attack a village or a city and that I brought back elephants from there, boys, girls, money, gold, I entrusted them to my father. My father died, he remained to me my brother groin. I continued to serve my brother groin, the same as I had served my father. My brother died, the kingdom belonging to me entire.

The alive of king Ram Khamhaeng, Sukhothai is prosperous. In water, there is fish; in the rice plantation, there is rice; the lord of the country raised not tax on its subjects, which along the way from the company that grown up, driving of oxen to make the trade, assembling horses to go to sell. Whoever desired to make the trade of the elephants, the fact; whoever desired to make the trade of the horses, the fact; whoever desired to make the trade of the money or that of gold, the fact. If a man of the people, noble or a chief fall sick die and disappear, the house of his ancestors, his attics of rice, his slaves, the plantations of areca and the plantations of betel of his ancestors, are transmitted completely to his or her children. If common peoples, the noble ones, or chiefs are in disagreement, (the king) made a true investigation, and slices then the business for that subjects according to equity; it does not put complicity with the robber and the receiver; if he sees the rice of others, he does not covet it, and if he sees the riches of others, he is not unworthy. To whoever comes on elephant to find someone and to put him as his own country under protection, he grants assistance and assistance him then; if (the visitor) has neither elephants, neither horses, neither servants, neither women, neither money, gives some to him and helps him to regard himself as in his own country. If he captures enemy warriors or combatants, does not kill them nor does not strike them. In the embrasure of the door (of the Palace), there is a suspended bell: if an inhabitant of the kingdom has some objection or some business which ulcerates its entrails and torments his spirit, and which he desired to expose to the prince, it is not difficult: he has to strike the bell that suspend. All the times that king Ram Khamhaeng hears this call, he questions (the complaint) on their case (and decides some) according to equity.